abstract：:The spread of infectious agents through the mail has concerned public health officials for 5 centuries. The dissemination of anthrax spores in the US mail in 2001 was a recent example. In 1901, two medical journals reported outbreaks of smallpox presumably introduced by letters contaminated with variola viruses. The s...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Ambrose CT

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In August 2003, a communitywide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Kansas. We conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection by using the telephone survey infrastructure of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using existing state-based infrastructure ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Fox LM,Ocfemia MC,Hunt DC,Blackburn BG,Neises D,Kent WK,Beach MJ,Pezzino G

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, bed bugs have been considered uncommon in the industrialized world. This study determined the extent of reemerging bed bug infestations in homeless shelters and other locations in Toronto, Canada. Toronto Public Health documented complaints of bed bug infestations from 46 locations in 2003, most common...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Hwang SW,Svoboda TJ,De Jong IJ,Kabasele KJ,Gogosis E

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study assessed progress towards tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the Netherlands by using DNA fingerprinting. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were defined as new if the IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern had not been observed in any other patient during the previous 2 years. Other cases we...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Borgdorff MW,van der Werf MJ,de Haas PE,Kremer K,van Soolingen D

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a new approach for infectious disease surveillance that facilitates rapid identification of known and emerging pathogens. The process uses broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify nucleic acid targets from large groupings of organisms, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for accurate ma...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Sampath R,Hofstadler SA,Blyn LB,Eshoo MW,Hall TA,Massire C,Levene HM,Hannis JC,Harrell PM,Neuman B,Buchmeier MJ,Jiang Y,Ranken R,Drader JJ,Samant V,Griffey RH,McNeil JA,Crooke ST,Ecker DJ

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imported malaria has been an increasing problem in several Western countries in the last 2 decades. To calculate the risk factors of age, sex, and travel destination in Swedish travelers, we used data from the routine reporting system for malaria (mixture of patients with and without adequate prophylaxis), a database ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Askling HH,Nilsson J,Tegnell A,Janzon R,Ekdahl K

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a nested polymerase chain reaction for the identification of Borrelia species from serum of patients with unidentified fevers. This technique, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, was used to test blood samples from 7,750 patients, 33 of whom were diagnosed with spirochet...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Brahim H,Perrier-Gros-Claude JD,Postic D,Baranton G,Jambou R

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Surveillance for lyssaviruses was conducted among bat populations in 8 provinces in Thailand. In 2002 and 2003, a total of 932 bats of 11 species were captured and released after serum collection. Lyssavirus infection was determined by conducting virus neutralization assays on bat serum samples. Of collected samples, ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Lumlertdacha B,Boongird K,Wanghongsa S,Wacharapluesadee S,Chanhome L,Khawplod P,Hemachudha T,Kuzmin I,Rupprecht CE

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the susceptibility to Usutu virus (Flavivirus) of 13 permanent cell lines, 3 primary cell cultures, and chicken embryos. Vero, PK-15, and goose embryo fibroblast cells developed cytopathic effects; however, viral multiplication was detected in all mammalian cell types by immunohistochemical tests. Chic...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Bakonyi T,Lussy H,Weissenböck H,Hornyák A,Nowotny N

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although residents of Lyme disease-endemic regions describe frequent exposure to ticks, Lyme disease develops in relatively few. To determine whether people who experience cutaneous hypersensitivity against tick bite have fewer episodes of Lyme disease than those who do not, we examined several factors that might rest...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Burke G,Wikel SK,Spielman A,Telford SR,McKay K,Krause PJ,Tick-borne Infection Study Group.

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A third serotype of human parechovirus (HPeV) has been recently isolated from stool specimens of a young Japanese child with transient paralysis. We report 3 additional cases of neonatal sepsis caused by HPeV-3 in the fall of 2001 in Canadian infants 7-27 days old. All children were hospitalized with high fever, eryth...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Boivin G,Abed Y,Boucher FD

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the first case of human melioidosis from Mauritius, where Burkholderia pseudomallei has never been isolated. The patient was immunocompromised, had never traveled abroad, and had a history of regular exposure to mud. She became ill at a time when rainfall was higher than the monthly average. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Issack MI,Bundhun CD,Gokhool H

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zoonoses with a wildlife reservoir represent a major public health problem, affecting all continents. Hundreds of pathogens and many different transmission modes are involved, and many factors influence the epidemiology of the various zoonoses. The importance and recognition of wildlife as a reservoir of zoonoses are ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Kruse H,kirkemo AM,Handeland K

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From July to September 2002, an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) caused a high number of deaths in captive owls at the Owl Foundation, Vineland, Ontario, Canada. Peak death rates occurred in mid-August, and the epidemiologic curve resembled that of corvids in the surrounding Niagara region. The outbreak occurred in t...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Gancz AY,Barker IK,Lindsay R,Dibernardo A,McKeever K,Hunter B

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Avian influenza that infects poultry in close proximity to humans is a concern because of its pandemic potential. In 2004, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 occurred in poultry in British Columbia, Canada. Surveillance identified two persons with confirmed avian influenza infection. Symptoms includ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Tweed SA,Skowronski DM,David ST,Larder A,Petric M,Lees W,Li Y,Katz J,Krajden M,Tellier R,Halpert C,Hirst M,Astell C,Lawrence D,Mak A

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Cambodia, 1,303 bats of 16 species were tested for lyssavirus. No lyssavirus nucleocapsid was detected in 1,283 brains tested by immunofluorescence assay. Antibodies against lyssaviruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 144 (14.7%) of 981 serum samples. Thirty of 187 serum samples contained neu...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Reynes JM,Molia S,Audry L,Hout S,Ngin S,Walston J,Bourhy H

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Potential vaccines against high-risk HPV types are in clinical trials. We evaluated vaccination programs with a vaccine against HPV-16 and HPV-18. We developed disease transmission models that estimated HPV prevalence and...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Taira AV,Neukermans CP,Sanders GD

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the considerable number of women in the United States who identify as lesbian, few data exist that address lesbians' health needs. The Institute of Medicine emphasized that data on sexually transmitted infections, Pap smear screening, and cervical dysplasia among lesbians were needed to guide clinical practice...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Marrazzo JM

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among 2,882 Streptococcus pneumoniae sent to the Spanish Reference Laboratory during 2002, 75 (2.6%) were ciprofloxacin-resistant. Resistance was associated with older patients (3.9% in adults and 7.2% in patients > or =65 years of age), with isolation from noninvasive sites (4.3% vs. 1.0%), and with penicillin and ma...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： de la Campa AG,Balsalobre L,Ardanuy C,Fenoll A,Pérez-Trallero E,Liñares J,Spanish Pneumococcal Infection Study Network G03\/103.

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1992 to 1999, we analyzed >2.5 million cases of influenzalike illness (ILI). Nationwide influenza epidemics generally lasted 3-4 months in winter. Kriging analysis, which illustrates geographic movement, showed that the starting areas of peak ILI activity were mostly found in western Japan. Two spreading patterns...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Sakai T,Suzuki H,Sasaki A,Saito R,Tanabe N,Taniguchi K

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During an 8-year study period, Arcobacter butzleri was the fourth most common Campylobacter-like organism isolated from 67,599 stool specimens. Our observations suggest that A. butzleri displays microbiologic and clinical features similar to those of Campylobacter jejuni; however, A. butzleri is more frequently associ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Vandenberg O,Dediste A,Houf K,Ibekwem S,Souayah H,Cadranel S,Douat N,Zissis G,Butzler JP,Vandamme P

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pandemics have been attributed to plague in the last 1,500 years. Yersinia pestis caused the third, and its DNA was found in human remains from the second. The Antiqua biovar of Y. pestis may have caused the first pandemic; the other two biovars, Medievalis and Orientalis, may have caused the second and third pa...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Drancourt M,Roux V,Dang LV,Tran-Hung L,Castex D,Chenal-Francisque V,Ogata H,Fournier PE,Crubézy E,Raoult D

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A total of 1,068 asymptomatic close contacts of patients with severe acute respiratory (SARS) from the 2003 epidemic in Hong Kong were serologically tested, and 2 (0.19%) were positive for SARS coronavirus immunoglobulin G antibody. SARS rarely manifests as a subclinical infection, and at present, wild animal species ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Leung GM,Chung PH,Tsang T,Lim W,Chan SK,Chau P,Donnelly CA,Ghani AC,Fraser C,Riley S,Ferguson NM,Anderson RM,Law YL,Mok T,Ng T,Fu A,Leung PY,Peiris JS,Lam TH,Hedley AJ

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed attack rates for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in three categories of hospital workers (nurses, nonmedical support staff, and other technical or medical staff) in all public hospitals in Hong Kong that had admitted SARS patients. Of 16 such hospitals, 14 had cases. The overall attack rate was 1....

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Lau JT,Yang X,Leung PC,Chan L,Wong E,Fong C,Tsui HY

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the epidemiologic characteristics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bulgaria, as well as the first genetic characterization of the virus strains circulating in the country in 2002 to 2003 that caused disease in humans. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Papa A,Christova I,Papadimitriou E,Antoniadis A

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated personal protective behaviors against West Nile virus infection. Barriers to adopting these behaviors were identified, including the perception that DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and related compounds) is a health and environmental hazard. Televised public health messages and knowing that family or fri...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Aquino M,Fyfe M,MacDougall L,Remple V

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is thought to be transmitted primarily through dispersal of droplets, but little is known about the load of SARS-CoV in oral droplets. We examined oral specimens, including throat wash and saliva, and found large amounts of SARS-CoV RNA in both th...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Wang WK,Chen SY,Liu IJ,Chen YC,Chen HL,Yang CF,Chen PJ,Yeh SH,Kao CL,Huang LM,Hsueh PR,Wang JT,Sheng WH,Fang CT,Hung CC,Hsieh SM,Su CP,Chiang WC,Yang JY,Lin JH,Hsieh SC,Hu HP,Chiang YP,Wang JT,Yang PC,Ch

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of Q fever occurred in South Wales, United Kingdom, from July 15 through September 30, 2002. To investigate the outbreak a cohort and nested case-control study of persons who had worked at a cardboard manufacturing plant was conducted. The cohort included 282 employees and subcontractors, of whom 253 (90%)...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： van Woerden HC,Mason BW,Nehaul LK,Smith R,Salmon RL,Healy B,Valappil M,Westmoreland D,de Martin S,Evans MR,Lloyd G,Hamilton-Kirkwood M,Williams NS

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the first case of avian influenza in a patient with fever and diarrhea but no respiratory symptoms. Avian influenza should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly if they have a history of exposure to poultry. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Apisarnthanarak A,Kitphati R,Thongphubeth K,Patoomanunt P,Anthanont P,Auwanit W,Thawatsupha P,Chittaganpitch M,Saeng-Aroon S,Waicharoen S,Apisarnthanarak P,Storch GA,Mundy LM,Fraser VJ

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis were determined in 152 patients and 466 unmatched controls who resided in two local government districts in North Cumbria, North West England, from March 1, 1996, to February 29, 2000. Risk was associated with the usual daily volume of cold unboiled tap water drunk (odds rat...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Goh S,Reacher M,Casemore DP,Verlander NQ,Chalmers R,Knowles M,Williams J,Osborn K,Richards S

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Candida parapsilosis is an important non-albicans species which infects hospitalized patients. No studies have correlated outbreak infections of C. parapsilosis with multiple virulence factors. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine genetic variability among isolates from a C. parapsilosis outbreak and from our clini...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Kuhn DM,Mikherjee PK,Clark TA,Pujol C,Chandra J,Hajjeh RA,Warnock DW,Soil DR,Ghannoum MA

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the presence of various Beta-lactamase genes within the bacteriophages in sewage. Results showed the occurrence of phage particles carrying sequences of bla(OXA-2), bla(PSE-1) or bla(PSE-4) and bla(PSE)-type genes. Phages may contribute to the spread of some Beta-lactamase genes. ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Muniesa M,García A,Miró E,Mirelis B,Prats G,Jofre J,Navarro F

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To characterize genetic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transmitted in the Beijing area during the epidemic outbreak of 2003, we sequenced 29 full-length S genes of SARS-CoV from 20 hospitalized SARS patients on our unit, the Beijing 302 Hospital. Viral RNA templates fo...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Xu D,Zhang Z,Chu F,Li Y,Jin L,Zhang L,Gao GF,Wang FS

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has established a syndromic surveillance system that monitors emergency department visits to detect disease outbreaks early. Routinely collected chief complaint information is transmitted electronically to the health department daily and analyzed for temporal a...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Heffernan R,Mostashari F,Das D,Karpati A,Kulldorff M,Weiss D

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SARS coronavirus injected intratracheally into chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and quail, or into the allantoic sac of their embryonating eggs, failed to cause disease or replicate. This finding suggests that domestic poultry were unlikely to have been the reservoir, or associated with dissemination, of SARS coronavi...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Swayne DE,Suarez DL,Spackman E,Tumpey TM,Beck JR,Erdman D,Rollin PE,Ksiazek TG

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bats submitted to the Texas Department of Health (1996-2000) were speciated and tested for rabies virus antigen by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Antigenic analysis of rabies virus-positive specimens was performed with monoclonal antibodies against the nucleoprotein of the virus; atypical or unexpected results ...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Rohde RE,Mayes BC,Smith JS,Neill SU

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study a 2001 dengue fever outbreak in Iracoubo, French Guiana, we recorded the location of all patients' homes and the date when symptoms were first observed. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to integrate the patient-related information. The Knox test, a classic space-time analysis technique, was used...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Tran A,Deparis X,Dussart P,Morvan J,Rabarison P,Remy F,Polidori L,Gardon J

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bartonella species are increasingly associated with a range of human and animal diseases. Despite this, we have a poor understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of many species, especially those circulating in wild populations. Previous studies have demonstrated that a diverse range of Bartonella species are abund...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Bown KJ,Bennet M,Begon M

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a pilot study that attempted to infect human volunteers with Cyclospora cayetanensis. Seven healthy volunteers ingested an inoculum of Cyclospora oocysts (approximately 200-49,000 oocysts). The volunteers did not experience symptoms of gastroenteritis, and no oocysts were detected in any stool samples duri...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Alfano-Sobsey EM,Eberhard ML,Seed JR,Weber DJ,Won KY,Nace EK,Moe CL

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed the main karyologic changes that have occurred during the dispersion of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease. We identified two allopatric groups, named Andean and non-Andean. The Andean specimens present C-heterochromatic blocks in most of their 22 chromosomes, whereas non-Andean specimen...

journal_title：Emerging infectious diseases

authors： Panzera F,Dujardin JP,Nicolini P,Caraccio MN,Rose V,Tellez T,Bermúdez H,Bargues MD,Mas-Coma S,O'Connor JE,Pérez R

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00